Housing Fraud: Stated Income Fraud

Mike Shedlock discusses Housing Fraud and other forms of real estate fraud — how it’s happening and its extent.

INMAN NEWS ASKS: “Is Real Estate Fraud Getting the Green Light?”

“The mortgage industry is getting used to all the Chicken Little warnings about fraud, but few have heard quite the proclamation of virtual surrender recently offered by two high-level individuals involved in the business.

“Bruce Morris, executive vice president, quality control, Saxon Mortgage Services, Glen Allen, Va., said deception has advanced so far so quickly that ‘every portfolio in the country has fraudulent loans in it.’

“Speaking at a Texas Mortgage Bankers Association event in Dallas earlier this month, Morris complained that too many industry members tolerate fraud. ‘We are our own worst enemies, believe it or not,’ he said, demanding that ‘we can’t have a tolerance for it, we just can’t.’

“Special Agent Kellee Casebeer of the Dallas Division Field Office reported that the world transformed for white-collar crime on Sept. 11, 2001. It was the No. 1 priority of the FBI prior to the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., on that day. ‘But afterward, combating white-collar crime became No. 7,’ she said. ‘All the issues of terrorism moved into those first six slots.’

“What’s worse, Casebeer said, ‘Within white-collar crime, financial institution fraud is No. 4, and within that is mortgage fraud. So unfortunately, you’re No. 4 of No. 7,’ she told mortgage professionals in the audience, drawing some nervous laughter.

“The federal law enforcement agent said that ‘as a result of shifting priorities, at this time, we’re not going to be able to expend resources on fighting fraud.’ Although she invites reports of fraud, the FBI must carefully prioritize cases to pursue, and one consideration is whether there will be formal prosecution. Casebeer said: ‘If the United States Attorney’s Office will not prosecute, we won’t investigate.’

“Further on mortgage fraud, Saxon’s Bruce Morris predicted problems ‘for all of us who made these wonderful [new] loans in California,’ where [for] 19% of all the loans made in 2004 the borrowers would not have qualified for a traditional 30-year mortgage.”

Housing Fraud: Fraud Invited

I have a friend in the industry, Dave Donhoff, a national mortgage banker/broker, and he e-mailed me his response to that article. Following are his comments:

“Fraud is actually INVITED (by default) with stated income loan guidelines, and the lender’s account executives (who are being managed and coached, as the article discloses, by their company’s principles) seeking to drive volume. There was a time… a ‘heyday’ when stated income loan programs filled a real need for the self-employed entrepreneur who had more bill-paying revenue at his disposal than his personal taxable revenue reflected. Way back then (what…25 years ago maybe?), this was an evolution in income documentation methods, following what was then a ‘make sense’ path of reasoning. We’re now past that period of time.

“TODAY, ‘stated income’ is completely unnecessary, because either income can be verified by a variety of alternative means (bank statement deposits, for example,) OR…if someone truly lives ‘cash & carry,’ there are now a multitude of fraud-resistant no-income-claimed document types (no ratio, no doc (both with or without asset verification). These programs are available at lower credit scores and higher loan-to-value levels than old-fashioned stated income loans were ‘way back in the day’ when stated loans arrived…AND even though the interest rates on the nonfraudulent loan methods are priced to the relative risks, they are STILL lower than a full Doc 30 FRM just 20 years ago, so there’s really no excuse to commit fraud.

“We are at a point in our industry where it is appropriate to ABOLISH all stated income programs entirely…make them regulatorily illegal entirely (or better yet, exempt lenders from any fraud recourse in law if they fund a stated income loan…) as an avoidance of such a fertile ground for larceny.

“Today, documentation fraud is ALMOST PURELY driven by desperate loan officers seeking a commission (hired en masse by greed-blinded newbie principals/owners allowed to drop to the lowest denominator of ethics). The overhiring of unqualified sales hacks (often young first-time employees without basic math skills, let alone financial advisory skills) has been driven by a unique combination of unprecedented factors:

A) An environment of fire-sale interest rates driven down by market forces.

B) A technological breakthrough in automation allowing credit and risk analysis to micro-price loans to a borrower’s personal specifics…making it possible to price loans for the riskiest of borrowers without forcing the cleaner borrowers to pay the same rate and fees as their riskier neighbors (thus, EVERYONE had a gift dropped in their laps).

C) Origination technology has superficially eliminated much of the manual/mental process of origination, such that loan officers no longer have to sit face to face with a borrower and establish their financial credibility…so the normal consumer demand for that credibility has been relaxed dramatically…thereby opening the door for yesterday’s gas station clerk to become today’s so-called ‘loan consultant.’

“Taken individually, each of these factors is WONDERFUL…However, combined, they’ve created an environment of degraded ethics in a field where the consumer is very easily led astray.

“Since it is extremely easy to see the direct relationship between documentation fraud and stated income loan programs (versus the alternative nonclaimed programs), the answer is to neuter the usage of stated income programs.

“The FASTEST way (as in snap of a finger) to bring stated income fraud to a screeching halt is to let all of the secondary market know that (for example) ‘As of Jan. 1, 2006, all federally regulated loans must either have all claimed income properly verified with documentation, or have no claim of undocumented income at all. Any loan funded with income claimed and undocumented will be exempt from any recourse to the lender from borrower, originator, and all third-party service providers.’

“No further finger-wagging bureaucracy is required…income fraud will vanish virtually instantly without a single additional dollar of taxpayer-funded enforcement.

“All the best,
Dave Donhoff
National Mortgage Banker/Broker”

Housing Fraud: The Bottom Line From Mish

Here is my take on the matter: Fraud is always rampant at the peak of every market cycle. Stated income loans are fueled by greed and the ability for originators to take the loan, collateralize it and sell it to pension plans and mortgage “investors” willing to accept paltry returns over Treasury yields for enormous extra risk.

Those investors or pension plans buying the lower tranches (highest-risk slices) of CDOs and CMOs (collateralized debt and mortgage obligations) “backed” (using the word loosely) by poor credit risks who are buying houses on nonexistent income at the peak of the market are going to have their heads handed to them by the market. The ripple effects will be felt in real estate prices and in pension plans across the country.

Regards,
Mike Shedlock ~ “Mish”
December 5, 2005